What does the term 'toxicity' refer to in the context of pesticides?

In the context of pesticides, the term 'toxicity' specifically refers to the ability of a pesticide to cause harmful effects, which can be acute (immediate), delayed (occurring after a period), or allergic (causing reactions in sensitive individuals). This concept is crucial in understanding how different chemicals affect living organisms, including both target pests and non-target species, such as beneficial insects, wildlife, and humans.

Toxicity is an essential factor in pesticide regulation and safety assessments because it helps determine how dangerous a substance can be when exposed to various organisms. Knowing the toxicity of a pesticide can guide decisions about its use, application methods, and necessary precautions to minimize risks.

The other options relate to different aspects of pesticides. For instance, the ability to repel pests does not inherently indicate toxicity; rather, it refers to a specific pesticide action. Measurement of pesticide effectiveness focuses on how well a pesticide performs in controlling pests, which is distinct from its potential harmful effects. Finally, while the impact on non-target species is an important consideration in evaluating a pesticide's environmental safety, it does not define the term 'toxicity' itself; rather, it is a consequence that toxicity can have on these species.